Unit 21 Karl Marx

　　some advice 一些建议       follow/take ones advice 听从某人劝告

　　give sb. some advice on sth./give sb. advice on doing sth./ give sb. advice on how to do sth. 就… …给某人提建议

　　2)advise是动词，常用于下列结构中：

　　advise +名词/代词

　　advise sb. to do sth.     advise+ that+ sb. + (should) do sth.

　　He advised you to give up smoking.他劝你把烟戒了。

　　I advised she (should) study English well.我劝她把英语学好。

　　cut down, cut up

　　cut down可用来表示“砍倒”；“减少”；“降低”；“缩短”。如：

　　The boy cut down the young tree with an axe. 那小孩斧子砍倒了小树。

　　cut up可用来表示“切碎”。如：

　　The man first cut the tree down and then cut it up. 那人先把树砍倒，然后把它劈成碎片。

　　force, make

　　force与make 都有“迫使”的意思，但在意义上和用法上有所区别。

　　force含有暴力威胁之意，其结构是force+名词+to do sth.

　　The policemen forced the boys to stop fighting.警察们迫使男孩子们停止打斗。

　　He was forced to give up and put in prison. 他被迫投降并被关进了监狱。

　　make用法比较广泛，它所表示的强迫意义有时不如force强，常用的句型结构make sb do sth.

　　What makes you think so? 你怎么会这样想呢?   

　　The children were made to keep their room clean and tidy. 要求孩子们保持房间的干净和整洁。

课文重点分析

　　He received his doctor’s degree in April 1841.他在1841年4月获得了博士学位。

　　句中的doctor是博士，这是大学授予的最高学位，学位（degree）分三种：

　　学士：Bachelor of Arts (B.A) 文学士        Bachelor of Science (B. Sc)理学士

　　硕士：Master of Arts (M. A)文学硕士        Master of Science (M. Sc)理学硕士

　　博士：Doctor of laws 法学博士             Doctor of philosophy博士

　　Doctor of medicine 医学博士

　　However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things.

　　1)go on to do和go on doing

　　都是继续做某事,前者是做完一件事之后，接下来做另一件事，而后者则是继续做同一件事。

　　After I finished my English,1 went on to do Chinese.做完英语作业之后，我接着做语文作业。

　　It was raining, but the farmers went on working in the field.天下着雨，但农民们仍继续在地里干活。

　　2)be sure about/of sth. 或 be sure that…“对……有把握”

　　I want to buy a pair of shoes for my brother, but I’m not sure about his size. 我想给弟弟买双鞋，但不清楚他穿多大号的。

　　Are you sure that you locked the door?你肯定锁门了吗？

　　注：be sure 后面还可跟whether, where等引导的从句。

　　I am not sure whether they could come or not.我不能肯定他们是否能来。

　　John was sure where he left his watch.约翰确信他把手表放在那里了。

　　另外：be sure to do sth. 表示务必做某事

　　Be sure to turn off the gas before you leave the room. 你走之前务必把煤气关好。

　　….his English in one of those articles was so good that Engels praised him for it.他的英语在一篇文章里非常好，因此恩格斯表扬了他。

　　A: so + adj. / adv. +that

　　B: so + adj. +可数名词单数+that

　　C: such + a + adj. +不可数名词单数+that

　　D: such + adj. +可数名词复数+that

　　E: such + adj. +不可数名词+that

　　练习：用so, such, such a填空：

　　(1)She speaks ________fast that I cant follow him.

　　(2)The film is ________ good that I want to see it again.

　　(3)It is ________ good film that I want to see it again.

　　(4)They are ________rare (稀少的) animals that only a few people have seen them in the world.

　　(5)He brought us _____ surprising news that all of us were shocked（震惊）。

　　(6)She is ________ beautiful a girl that we all like her very much.

Key:　(1)so (2)so (3)such a (4)such (5)such (6)so

注：当名词前的修饰词是many, much, little, few 时，应将such改成so,　如：

　　(1) There are so many books that I hardly know which one to be chosen.

　　(2) There is so much noise that I cannot hear what she is talking about.

　　praise sb. for…由于……表扬某人。类似的说法还有：

　　Thank you for your help.

　　Im sorry for my rudeness（粗鲁）.

　　Excuse me for my being late.

　　You must apologize (道歉) for what you have said.

　　Yang Mei is having a talk with her teacher Sara about learning English.杨梅正就英语学习问题和她的老师萨拉谈话。

　　有关have的习语：

　　“have +宾语”常用来表示一个短时间的动作。不能将have简单地理解为“有”。它和一些词语搭配，表现了英语的习惯用法的一些意思——它可表示eat, drink, take. to. enjoy等，其意义视后面所跟名词而定。如：

　　have breakfast (lunch, supper) 吃早（中、晚）饭

　　have a lesson 上一堂课     have a song 唱一支歌

　　have a look 看一看         have a talk 谈一谈

　　have a drink 喝一杯        have a joke 开个玩笑

　　have a rest 休息一下       have a walk 散散步

　　have a ride 骑马           have a swim 游泳

　　have a wash 洗脸（澡）    have a meeting 开会

　　have a party 举行一次聚会  have a test 测试

　　have an accident 出事故    have a letter 收到一封信

　　have a cold 患感冒        have a headache 患头痛

　　have a baby 生小孩        have a fire 生火

　　have a cold wet day 天气又冷又温

　　have a good holiday 度过愉快的假日

　　have a problem with→find…difficult 在…方面遇到困难

　　My grammar is improving, but I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn. 我的语法学习在提高，但是我觉得习惯用语和有用词语很难学。

　　1)improve在此作不及物动词，意为“改进；提高”。如：

　　He is improving in health. 他的身体在好转。

　　2)find在此意为“发现；觉得”，后面跟的是复合宾语结构，即“find + sb. / sth. +adj +不定式”，idioms and useful expressions是宾语，hard to learn是宾语补足语。如：

　　Do you find “Radio English on Sunday” easy to understand? 你觉得“星期日广播英语”容易听懂吗?

　　a. 名词/代词十形容词。如：

　　I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn.我发现习语和惯用法很难学。

　　I find listening really hard.我发现听真是很难。

　　有时将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置，而将真正宾语(不定式或从句)放在宾语补足语(形容词)之后。如：

　　Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.马克思发现研究俄国形势很重要。

　　b. 名词，代词十名词。如：

　　They found it the necklace they had been looking for.他们发现这是他们一直在寻找的项链。

　　Youll find a knowledge of English a must in international trade today.你将会发现懂英语在今天的国际贸易中是必要的。

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