小升初英语基本语法： There be结构

　　1）英语中的There be 结构意思是“有”，表示在某地或某时有某人或某物。There be 结构强调的是“存在关系”。There be 结构中的be具有时态变化（is， are， was， were）. There be后接的如果是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be只能是单数形式is或was；如：There is a book on the desk. There was some milk in the bottle yesterday. 如：There be后接的如果是复数可数名词时，一定要用复数形式are 或were。There are some books on the desk.  There were some books on the desk yesterday.

　　2）在英语中表示“有”这一概念除了there be结构以外，还有have/ has。它们的用法区别：have/ has表示“某物归某人所有”，强调所属关系，而there be指“在某地或某时有某人或某物”，强调存在关系。比较：There is a bus in our school.（只表示存在，bus不一定属于学校）

　　Our school has a bus.（表示我们学校拥有bus这一财产）.考查there be 句型的常见题型有单项填空、完型填空、句型转换和改错等。做这类题时，必须首先认真理解全句的意思，看是表示“存在”的“有”还是“拥有”来决定是否用there be还是用其他句型。

　　3）There be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时（there was/were）、将来时（there is/are going to be或there will be）和完成时（there have/has been）；还可用there must be ，there can‘t be， there used to be等

　　4）反意疑问句的构成：be （not） there？

　　5）主谓一致：There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致，遵循就近原则。

　　注意：

　　1.句型中含有some时，变为否定句、疑问句时一般要改为any。

　　2.对数量提问：How many ＋可数名词复数 ＋ are there ＋…？

　　How much ＋不可数名词 ＋ is there ＋…？

　　3.对句中 sth.部分提问一般用What’s ＋地点状语？有时也用What‘s there ＋地点状语？

　　4.there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come ， live ，stand ， lie， seem to be ，     happen to be ，等

　　练习：

　　I.将下列句子改成否定句和一般疑问句，并作肯定与否定回答。

　　1. There is some juice in the fridge.

　　______________________________________________________

　　2. There were two apple trees in front of the house two years ago.

　　______________________________________________________

　　II..用there be或have的适当形式填空。

　　1. ________ any pencils in your pencil-box？

　　2. ________ you _____________ any pencils in your pencil- box？

　　3. Lucy ___________ a twin sister， Lily.

　　4. _________ a TV in our classroom last term.

　　5. How many hours ___________ in a day？

　　6.  -How many legs ______ a table ________？  - It _______ four.

　　7. -What’s in your bedroom？

　　-__________________ a bed， a desk and some chairs.

　　8.. My parents _____ two children and ________ four people in my family.

　　III.单项填空。

　　（   ）1. There ___ any rice in the bowl.

　　A. are      B. is      C. isn‘t     D. aren’t

　　（   ）2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.

　　A. have been    B. were      C. are      D. is

　　（   ）3.How many ___ are there in the room ？

　　A. apple     B. students    C. milk      D. paper

　　（   ）4.Do you know if ___ a meeting next Sunday ？

　　A. there was going to have    B. there was going to be

　　C. is there going to be       D. there will be

　　（   ）5.There is some milk in the bottle， ____ ？

　　A．isn‘t there     B．aren’t there    C．isn‘t it    D．are there

　　（   ）6.There ____ a lot of good news in today’s newspaper.

　　A. is     B. are   C. was   D. were

　　（   ）7.There ____ pencil-box， two books and some flowers on the desk.

　　A. is a    B. are some    C. has a    D. have some

　　（   ）8. There is little water in the glass， ____ ？

　　A. isn‘t there   B. isn’t it    C. is it   D. is there

　　（   ）9. -There is no air or water on the moon. Is there？   - ____.

　　A. Yes， there are    B. No， there isn‘t C. Yes， there isn’t   D. No， there is

　　（   ）10. -What did you see in the basket then ？

　　-There ____ a bottle of orange and some oranges.

　　A. is     B. are     C. was     D. were www.qihang56.com

　　（   ）11. ____ is there on the table？

　　A. How many apples   B. How much bread C. How much breads  D. How many food

　　（   ）12. There isn‘t ____ paper in the box.. Will you go and get some for me？

　　A. any     B. some    C. a    D. an

　　（   ）13. There ____ something wrong with our classroom.

　　A. are     B. has    C. is      D. have

　　（   ）14. There is some ____ on the table.

　　A. apple   B. orange   C. cake    D. sandwich